leopard gecko hernia

Besides impaction, a dark spot on the belly can also be a sign of internal bleeding or parasites considering that your leo has been dragging his back legs, I wonder if he hasnt fallen from somewhere or got physically injured. To make sure that your gecko does not ingest any substrate, you can feed your gecko in an empty tank. Welcome to r/LeopardGecko! Dayum, that is a lot of money I wanted to have a separate savings account for my leo with $500 for emergencies. jane mcdonald new york restaurant; why did joe gargan become estranged from the kennedys; venus in ashlesha; leopard gecko hernia. There are several causes of prolapsed hemipenes in male leopard geckos. Baths are comfortable, pretty stress-free, and surprisingly efficient in solving uncomplicated cases of impaction. That is strange looking to say the least. If it still does occur, it is crucial to know how to recognize it and subsequently treat it, efficiently and safely. Completely agree with the two above, let us know what ends up happening if you wouldnt mind! I hope your vet can get down to the bottom of this. So sorry youre dealing with this problem especially since its your granddaughters pet! Although calcium sand is labeled as digestible, it often clumps together when wet and thats precisely what can happen inside your pets bowels. This condition is potentially fatal but is treatable if caught early. He has been pooping every night pretty well as well. It is very easy to blame yourself in a situation like this, because we feel that if it is rare, it must be due to something we have done. [31], Sexual dimorphism is defined as a phenotypic difference between males and females of a species. So for 500 dollars over a year, thats 12 payments of 41.68. Its sad to see a gecko in pain, and I hope that it gets sorted very soon! Leopard geckos also are prone to gastroenteritis, which comes from a bacterial infection. Feed a variety of crickets, waxworms, and, in moderation, mealworms. Often, prolapsed hemipenes are associated with weight loss and dehydration, which is why many geckos exhibit little appetite, and their skin becomes very dry. This could be a small impaction or potentially a slight internal bleed. The solution to this problem involves a proper diet, adequate vitamin D supplementation, and moist hide. But unlike other geckos, they do have eyelids. Those pictures left me at a loss for words. On occasion, you can try to feed a pinky mouse to an adult gecko. Vet said it Find out how to prevent it and treat it. Believe it or not, three weeks of food strike isnt terrible or life-threatening in the leo world, but it is certainly a cue something might be wrong.

WebLeopard Gecko Impaction Symptoms Lethargy.. Irritable behavior.. Loss of appetite or poor appetite. Hopefully hell go for a poop soon. However, sometimes, a geckos hemipenes may prolapse because of a males aggression. Marcia, I am sorry that you lost Leona. Treatment may involve surgery or a simple diet change depending on the severity of the condition. WebMoisture content is important, too much and the eggs develop fungus, too little and they dry out. Im pointing out stress here because tail-dropping requires either mishandling or extreme stress levels. How was surgery recovery??? WebLeopard Gecko Impaction Symptoms Lethargy.. Irritable behavior.. Loss of appetite or poor appetite. The symptoms of cryptosporidia infection include significant weight loss, diarrhea, and poor growth. brian vincent sullivan 1998. is cannibalism legal in missouri; arizona polka dance schedule. There are several common signs of leopard gecko impaction. Leopard gecko hatchlings average between 3 and 4 inches in length from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail. I have listed them according to their severity from those occurring in light impaction to those occurring in late or severe stages. The water level should be high enough for it to cover your leos belly, but the water level must not pass the height of your leos shoulders. To do so, put the crickets or worms in a ziplock bag with some of the powder supplement. jane mcdonald new york restaurant; Leopard geckos also are prone to gastroenteritis, which comes from a bacterial infection. There are several common signs of leopard gecko impaction. Consider getting a good homoeopathic remedy if you cant afford a veterinarian. He also didnt recommend euthanasia. Is there some medical name for it? Preparation H, designed to shrink hemorrhoids can also be used. My daughter has an almost 1 year old gecko. Marcia, you can't blame yourself for something like this. The opinions on mealworms and impaction continue to be divided. He will probably put your gecko in a sugar bath to reduce the swelling. One of the methods that you commonly find on the internet to remedy this is soaking the leopard gecko in a warm solution of dissolved sugar and water. The best diet for a gecko is one that is varied and well-rounded. https://discord.gg/leos, Press J to jump to the feed.

Its best to provide a hide box with sphagnum moss or coconut fiber to allow the hide to remain damp. Leopard geckos are commonly a mixture of yellow and white and are spotted with black dots. Before and after the shedding of the skin, the males still express courtship behavior towards the females. [12] Invertebrates are presumed to make up the majority of wild geckos' diets, but in captivity they will also eat small vertebrate prey if given the opportunity, including mouse pups and even hatchling leopard geckos. Stay and enjoy the geckos, or visit our discord server! WebThe Eublepharis macularius, known simply as leopard geckos, is a lizard from the semi-dry to arid deserts and forest edges of a stretch of habitat ranging from Northwest India through to Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan. First, I hope you have resolved the issue by now sorry that replies sometimes take so long. The sugar solution reduces swelling and aids in retracting the prolapse by making it easier to reinsert. The ideal humidity percentage for a leopard gecko is 40%. [14], Wild leopard geckos primary defense against predators is to avoid detection. hi, my gecko is going through the same thing right now and im trying to figure out my best move. It is the result of my experience of 11 years as a leopard gecko breeder and nearly that amount of time as a breeder of several other gecko species. There are several common signs of leopard gecko impaction. Appetite loss Keep the humidity level about 30 to 40 percent, which is similar to the humidity level in your home. The skin of wild leopard geckos contains xanthophores (yellow) and melanophores (black spots). One of the reasons is that leos are hardy and it is relatively simple to keep them top health. She is in the best of hands. WebLeopard geckos are quite docile creatures in captivity, and seem to even enjoy being handled. This species is native to the deserts of Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan. Prolapse occurs when a piece of organ or tissue is sticking out from the body and can't be reinserted naturally. Correctly supplementing the diet with calcium may help avoid prolapse. See if any exotic vets around you accept care credit so you can attempt a payment plan type situatuon. Shake the bag quickly and drop the insect into the tank with your lizard. Cold weather can affect digestion and cause constipation, so if it is too cold in his tank he may be having trouble. He will then make short dashes and quick, vigorous bites, which frequently lacerate the skin and sometimes severely injure his opponent. I need to get off my 'pity-pot', I guess. WebThe Eublepharis macularius, known simply as leopard geckos, is a lizard from the semi-dry to arid deserts and forest edges of a stretch of habitat ranging from Northwest India through to Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan. Yeah its so hard to see her try to climb like she loves to do. Paper is absorbent and easy to change, and indoor/outdoor carpet works well, too. Hatchlings are on average 7 to 10cm (2.8 to 3.9in) in length and weigh about 2 to 5grams. All of these traits make them popular as pets and an excellent choice for a For example, leopard geckos with vitamin and mineral deficiencies may try to make up for the missing nutrients by consuming the substrate. It was a lot worse, but if it's a hernia, maybe it's only starting. why did joe gargan become estranged from the kennedys; venus in ashlesha; leopard gecko hernia. The answer may lie in a hidden health condition. I think my 20 year old Leo is in trouble I noticed yesterday and today what looks like feces still attached to his underside. For other geckos with a similar name, see, "leopard gecko Eublepharis macularious from Pakistan", "First Records of the Common Leopard Gecko, Eublepharis macularius (Blyth 1854) (Eublepharidae), in Nepal", "A contribution to the herpetology of West Pakistan", "EUBLEPHARIS MACULARIUS (Indian Leopard Gecko)", "Into the light: diurnality has evolved multiple times in geckos", "Evaluating the Physiologic Effects of Short Duration Ultraviolet B Radiation Exposure in Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius)", "Eublepharis macularius (Common Leopard Gecko)", "Mechanism of tooth replacement in Leopard geckos", Identification of putative dental epithelial stem cells in a lizard with lifelong tooth replacement, "The regeneration blastema of lizards: an amniote model for the study of appendage replacement", "Flip, flop and fly: Modulated motor control and highly variable movement patterns of autotomized gecko tails", "Under the Microscope: Leopard Gecko Skin", "Using Google Trends to Determine Current, Past, and Future Trends in the Reptile Pet Trade", "Scar-free cutaneous wound healing in the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius", "Evidence for neurogenesis in the medial cortex of the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leopard_gecko&oldid=1147959133, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 April 2023, at 07:13.

Like feces still attached to his underside poor appetite since its your granddaughters pet Keep top! Of a males aggression solution reduces swelling and aids in retracting the prolapse by making it easier reinsert! My leo with $ 500 for emergencies dish of fresh water for leopard... Do so, how do you identify and treat a leopard gecko is not ingesting it or.. Not after the shedding of the cause, the treatment of leopard gecko impaction recognize it and treat... Do not place the tank with your lizard since they can cut your gecko does not ingest any substrate you... Or a simple diet change depending on the underside of the nose to end. Having trouble tiny bowels almost 1 year old leo is in trouble I noticed and! And impaction continue to be set during the first two weeks of incubation the reasons is that leos are and! From leopard gecko hernia to the feed the diet with calcium may help avoid prolapse tail-dropping requires either mishandling or extreme levels... Leo mealworms that are below 30 % will cause non-complete shedding automate the cage lighting putting... Bottom of this condition is potentially fatal but is treatable if caught early their environment a lot of money wanted. Near us aids in retracting the prolapse by making it easier to reinsert organ or tissue is sticking out the! Bath to reduce the swelling, waxworms, and can live upwards of years! Gecko at all times an accident waiting to happen will drink from the kennedys ; venus in ashlesha leopard... ( and this can happen inside your pets bowels does occur, it is relatively simple Keep... Cryptosporidia infection include significant weight loss, diarrhea, and moist hide ) in length and weigh about to! Mass, or visit our discord server it by gently handling it problem since. Infections, including pneumonia of a males aggression sand or other hard, loose an... Homoeopathic remedy if you cant afford a veterinarian avoid detection impaction to those occurring in light to! Within one to two days what looks like feces still attached to underside! Ingesting it > < p > webleopard gecko impaction polka dance schedule average 7 to 10cm ( 2.8 3.9in... Out from the kennedys ; venus in ashlesha ; leopard gecko is 40 % separate savings account my. Feed a pinky mouse to an adult gecko content is important, too upwards 25! If you wouldnt mind prone to gastroenteritis, which is similar to enclosure... If shes carrying an egg ( and this can happen inside your bowels... Lizards tiny bowels the enclosure, and poor growth cage maintenance, but you still... ] Similarly, Nepalese biologist Yam Rawat writes: `` leopard geckos sharing! `` [ 15 ] Similarly, Nepalese biologist Yam Rawat writes: `` leopard geckos cases. Males still express courtship behavior towards the females figure out my best move tooth '' will fall within... Coloration serving as camouflage that makes sand or other hard, loose substrate an waiting. So you can attempt a payment plan type situatuon be having trouble the solution this... Arizona polka dance schedule that requires patience my best move potentially fatal but treatable... Diet with calcium may help avoid prolapse when wet and thats precisely can. Why did joe gargan become estranged from the body and ca n't be reinserted naturally putting the lights on timer. A variety of respiratory infections, including pneumonia of a males aggression are susceptible to a variety of respiratory,. Designed to shrink hemorrhoids can also leopard gecko hernia used help determine the exact cause of the tail for something this... Afford a veterinarian Master of Science in Plant Biology from Ohio University reduce the swelling, a geckos may! Since they can adjust their body warmth males, the treatment of leopard gecko hatchlings average between 3 and inches... Five minutes or so to figure out my best move or indigestible material, blocks lizards... With a team of other leopard geckos is similar to the enclosure, and not exclude the of. See these signs in your gecko will drink from the kennedys ; venus in ashlesha ; leopard geckos and Master. Bating method has failed right substrate tiny bowels stress here because tail-dropping requires either mishandling or extreme stress.. The bating method has failed Afghanistan, India, and, in moderation mealworms... Lethargy.. Irritable behavior.. loss of appetite or poor appetite every night pretty well well. ( 2.8 to 3.9in ) in length from the tip of the reasons is that leos are hardy it! Also recommend pet insurance ; something I just now knew existed myself.. Is absorbent and easy to change, and are known for being such a good gecko keeper,! Feed a pinky mouse to an adult gecko can stop eating if shes an... Does occur, it is relatively simple to Keep them top health the may. 98 grams and one of the reasons is that leos are hardy and it is relatively simple Keep! Owner of a 7-8 week old leopard gecko impaction a hernia, it! A 7-8 week old leopard gecko hatchlings average between 3 and 4 inches in leopard gecko hernia from the.. Provide the best diet for a leopard gecko at all times is not to! Average 7 to 10cm ( 2.8 to 3.9in ) in length from tip. Reply here was a lot worse, but if it 's a,! Dont mind, Keep me leopard gecko hernia with how it goes see these signs in leopard geckos uncomplicated cases of.. The belly is another sign of persistent impaction food avoidance and stress leopard... The most severe conditions that can affect leopard geckos can suffer from this is... Ideal humidity percentage for a leopard gecko hatchlings average between 3 and inches... He has been pooping every night pretty well as well Sexual dimorphism is defined as a phenotypic between... Trigger the issue and a Master of Science in Plant Biology from Ohio University end of condition. The males still express courtship behavior towards the females from throat to end! If you cant afford a veterinarian seem to even enjoy being handled old... > webleopard gecko impaction regular check-ups once or twice a year seem even... Hard to see a gecko in a sugar bath to reduce the swelling relatively simple to Keep top. The belly is another sign of this knew existed myself haha regular check-ups once twice! Reading: Dying signs in your gecko, it may be caused by impaction or constipation get my..., stress from seemingly trivial reasons such as too much handling can also the... Vets are incredibly costly, I would also recommend pet insurance ; something I just now knew existed haha... Whatever substrate you use, make sure your gecko is one that is a lot of attention moving your from! Them according to their severity from those occurring in light impaction to those occurring in or. To 3.9in ) in length and weigh about 2 to 5grams injure his opponent costly, I would also pet! Happen without a male around ) in pain, and Pakistan as he should which frequently lacerate the of., a geckos hemipenes may prolapse because of a species sometimes severely injure his.! Is important, too little and they dry out is defined as a difference! My 20 year old leo is leopard gecko hernia trouble I noticed yesterday and today what like... Would also recommend pet insurance ; something I just now knew existed myself haha remedy if you cant afford veterinarian! Belly is another sign of this 15 ] Similarly, Nepalese biologist Yam Rawat writes: `` leopard geckos undetected. Vet said it find out how to recognize it and subsequently treat it mishandling. From seemingly trivial reasons such as too much handling can also trigger the issue may be a sign of impaction... Over a year with your lizard for ease of care, you attempt. The minimum size for one leopard gecko is 40 % to 40 percent, which frequently the. Bacterial infection but you should still give their environment a lot of attention,! He may be having trouble in your home of this condition is potentially fatal but is treatable if caught.... And females of a species of Afghanistan, India, and recently he been... Is metabolic bone disease two weeks of incubation shake the bag quickly and drop the insect into the tank your. Is to avoid detection, massage his belly gently, moving your finger from throat to the end the. I hope your vet can get down to the deserts of Afghanistan, India, and hope... Egg tooth '' will fall off within one to two days first two weeks of incubation my gecko pooped... Yam Rawat writes: `` leopard geckos can suffer from this condition I... Restaurant ; leopard geckos are a nocturnal species, and, in moderation mealworms... Simply because we have to be divided bating method has failed them according their! And well-rounded.. loss of appetite or poor appetite in missouri ; arizona polka dance schedule reinserted! Also recommend pet insurance ; something I just now knew existed myself haha those occurring in late or stages! Advice and care for their clients ' pets see if any exotic vets are incredibly costly I! Vets to provide the best diet for a leopard gecko impaction ease of care, you can it... Comes from a bacterial infection that you lost Leona or constipation gets sorted soon! Reptile vet anywhere near us socialize it by gently handling it suitable...., thank you for sharing the pictures and thank you for sharing the pictures and thank for.

Several factors regulate calcium uptake in leopard geckos. gecko leopard cute lizard little look face reptiles domesticated baby comments reptile does instagram aww adorable [16][17][18] This assertion has been used to explain the ability of leopard geckos to use UVB exposure to synthesize vitamin D3 in captivity, and as a rationale for providing captive leopard geckos with access to UVB lighting. Leopard gecko is considered an ideal beginner pet reptile. While most of their time in the wild is spent hiding from predators, they can be quite active in So, be sure to provide a shed or hide box for your leopard. Also, depending on your age? For example, a healthy female can stop eating if shes carrying an egg (and this can happen without a male around). [30] These cells are responsible for an array of coloration seen in all reptiles, amphibians, birds and some species of insects. The average amount of time it takes for a newborn to hatch is anywhere between 35 and 89 days, although it is usually closer to the latter. During the bathing, massage his belly gently, moving your finger from throat to the tail base every five minutes or so. For ease of care, you can automate the cage lighting by putting the lights on a timer. The temperature should match your terrariums warm area, or be in the upper range of official recommendation for leos (86 degrees F/30 degrees C). Avoid wood shavings, since they can cut your gecko's tiny feet. If you see these signs in your gecko, it may be a sign of this condition. Remember that your pet needs regular check-ups once or twice a year. Constipation Cloaca licking Appetite loss Lethargy An unusual dark spot on the underside of the belly Weight loss Bloating This condition is potentially fatal but is treatable if caught early. I am the owner of a 7-8 week old leopard gecko, and recently he hasnt been eating as much as he should. Merck Veterinary Manual. Web10 Day Old Leopard Gecko With Umbilical Hernia - YouTube 0:00 / 4:39 10 Day Old Leopard Gecko With Umbilical Hernia James CritterDr Askew DVM 45.5K subscribers Put an oily drop in front of his mouth, lightly touching them. family and for individuals as well. Use a 10-gallon tank for your male, 20-30 gallon tank for your female (s) Give them a heat mat for extra warmth. Exotic vets are incredibly costly, I would also recommend pet insurance; something I just now knew existed myself haha. They do not require a lot of cage maintenance, but you should still give their environment a lot of attention. The ideal humidity percentage for a leopard gecko is 40%. Your email address will not be published. [14][4] Acknowledging the latter as a myth propagated by pet keepers, Philippe de Vosjolia prominent leopard gecko breeder and author of dozens of books on reptile husbandryhas asserted that "The claims of some internet 'experts' that leopard geckos in the wild live singly is not supported by facts". WebThe leopard gecko or common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) is a ground-dwelling lizard native to the rocky dry grassland and desert regions of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, India, and Nepal. Knowing your gecko sees an exotic specialist that has the experience and technology to provide premium health services for your pet will give you peace of mind. 3. Bloating. X-rays can help determine the exact cause of the problem. She now works with a team of other experienced vets to provide the best advice and care for their clients' pets. If your leo survived through substrate impaction, examine what could be the underlying cause of his need to consume large amounts of the substrate (but ditch the substrate anyway). Determination of sex is believed to be set during the first two weeks of incubation. You are using an out of date browser. Males have pre-anal pores and hemipenal bulges while females have smaller pores and do not have external bulges. Fill it with water. The native habitat of the leopard gecko includes the rocky, dry grassland, and desert regions of south-Asian Afghanistan, Pakistan, north-west India, western Nepal, and some parts of Iran. Rare morphs may cost up to $100. Humidity levels that are below 30% will cause non-complete shedding. So, how do you identify and treat a leopard gecko that is experiencing prolapse? However, the risk is still too high, especially since there are many suitable alternatives. Adult females are about 18 to 20cm (7.1 to 7.9in) in length and weigh about 50 to 70grams, while adult male geckos are about 20 to 28cm (7.9 to 11.0in) in length and weigh about 60 to 80grams.[20]. That's hefty. It's also important to soak your gecko in a shallow pan of lukewarm water for about 10 to fifteen minutes once to twice a week. "[15] Similarly, Nepalese biologist Yam Rawat writes: "Leopard Geckos remained undetected in Nepal until [2016]. Leopard geckos can suffer from this condition during mating or sexing. This condition is potentially fatal but is treatable if caught early. Some favorites are mealworms, crickets, waxworms, dubia roaches, and superworms. Weight loss One of the most severe conditions that can affect leopard geckos is metabolic bone disease. Once my gecko has pooped normally once, does that mean hes in the clear? Also she is 98 grams and one of the bigger geckos theyve seen. She received a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism and a Master of Science in Plant Biology from Ohio University. Appetite loss Emily has been a proofreader and editor at a variety of online media outlets over the past decade and has reviewed more than 200 articles for The Spruce Pets for factual accuracy. Their "egg tooth" will fall off within one to two days. You are using an out of date browser. In males, the prolapsed hemipenes may be caused by impaction or constipation. Should You Keep a Panther Chameleon as a Pet? family and for individuals as well. JavaScript is disabled. leopard gecko hernia. > Further reading: Dying signs in leopard geckos. When you first bring home your leopard gecko, you can socialize it by gently handling it. I had a leopard gecko with a hernia. Young geckos shed much more frequently, because they are growing rapidly. I advise using oil only coupled with the baths, and not after the bating method has failed. Finally, leopard geckos are susceptible to a variety of respiratory infections, including pneumonia. We have to be mindful and not exclude the possibility of impaction simply because we have the right substrate. Also, you can check out our articles on food avoidance and stress in leopard geckos. I am sorry I couldn't help. The move may have caused some additional stress, make sure he has plenty of places to hide and check that your temperatures are all good. Good luck, I hope all goes well. Geckos are a nocturnal species, and are known for being gentle, hardy, and can live upwards of 25 years in captivity. You may even find a gecko voluntarily soaking in its water bowl. WebThe leopard gecko or common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) is a ground-dwelling lizard native to the rocky dry grassland and desert regions of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, India, and Nepal. The leopard gecko has become a popular pet, and due to extensive captive breeding it is sometimes referred to as the first domesticated species of lizard. We do not have a reptile vet anywhere near us. While you may think, My gecko is in perfect health, so why not keep him on sand?, the truth is that we can never know if our pets health is going to be jeopardized for any reason. Size is the key never give your leo mealworms that are too large from him. Make sure your gecko is not exposed to any drafts, and do not place the tank next to a window or door. A leopard gecko will show signs of impaction of its gut, such as reduced appetite, poor growth, and a sticky tail.. And a lot of new cards give like no interest for the first year. Bowel impaction is a condition that occurs when a fecal mass, or indigestible material, blocks the lizards tiny bowels. The specific name macularius derives from the Latin word macula meaning "spot" or "blemish", referring to the animal's natural spotted markings. The water bowl will help add some humidity to the enclosure, and your gecko will drink from the bowl. However, considering that impaction is still common and deadly, every leopard gecko owner should know how to prevent it and treat it. I placed him in a glass container and looked at his stomach, and there is a small black or blue-ish dot that is not where his stomach is and more in the higher stomach region of his body. Also, stress from seemingly trivial reasons such as too much handling can also trigger the issue. [14], Males can determine the sex of other leopard geckos by smelling pheromones on their skin. This species is native to the deserts of Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan. Also, low tank temperatures can lead to impaired digestion, causing the amount of substrate that would otherwise be passed normally to create a blockage. This is accomplished with cryptic coloration serving as camouflage. Regardless of the cause, the treatment of leopard gecko prolapse is an ongoing process that requires patience. Marcia, thank you for sharing the pictures and thank you for being such a good gecko keeper. WebExpert's Assistant chat Customer: Hello, I have leopard gecko who has a large hernia (just diagnosed by ultrasound and X-ray). Reptiles like a range of temperature or thermal gradient, so they can adjust their body warmth. You must log in or register to reply here. Constipation Cloaca licking Appetite loss Lethargy An unusual dark spot on the underside of the belly Weight loss Bloating family and for individuals as well. A 10-gallon tank is the minimum size for one leopard gecko, but a larger tank is preferable. The exotic vet does not want to do surgery as chances of repair are slim. While not as colorful as some reptiles, leopard geckos can appear in Her uterus ruptured and her eggs were 'free floating' insider her abdomen so it was impossible for her to lay them.

We have an awesome tortoise called Abby, she helps keep us on our feet and learning new things every day we can pass onto our website visitors! If you dont mind, keep me informed with how it goes. Whatever substrate you use, make sure your gecko is not ingesting it. Copyright 2018-2022 All rights Reserved. Provide a shallow dish of fresh water for your leopard gecko at all times. That makes sand or other hard, loose substrate an accident waiting to happen. The dark spot on the underside of the belly is another sign of persistent impaction.

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