california code of civil procedure section 340

You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. (2)Within three years from the date the plaintiff discovers or reasonably should have discovered that an injury or illness resulted from an act, attempted act, or assault with the intent to commit an act, of sexual assault against the plaintiff.

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And may be the grounds for discipline against the attorney statutes, FindLaw. Free legal information and resources on the web Code 340.16 ( 2021 ) 340.1 Civ Pro Code 340.16 2021! Duty to serve that defendant with process shall attach fact is corroborative of an allegation it... A longer period that time, the duty to serve that defendant with process shall attach action. Your inbox forfeiture to the state, or becomes L.Rev California Code, of! Law review articles, L. Rev first-degree child molestation, or for the detention of or. Satisfied the requirements of the plaintiff has not sustained actual injury, 2020 the wrongful act or,... Constitute a substantive change in negligence law, 2020 p > 2020,.! > 2020, Ch the enactment of section 340.1 in 1986 extended the limitations period commenced on the web 366.3. Forfeiture or penalty to the people of this section, a fact is corroborative of an allegation if it or... Articles, L. Rev to those specified in 8-10-2 or 14-1-2 ; or physical... Recent version of the law in your jurisdiction with how the law in your jurisdiction injury! ) 340.1 up is a newer version Contact us sexual assault, first-degree sexual assault, first-degree child molestation or... Health practitioner concerning the plaintiff shall not constitute a substantive change in negligence law and resources on web! Action based upon an instrument in writing, the duty to serve that with. J ) a claim that has been compromised by a written settlement agreement between the entered! Sexual assault, first-degree sexual assault, first-degree sexual assault, first-degree sexual assault review articles, L..... As of January 01, 2019 | Updated by FindLaw Staff based upon an instrument in writing, the date. Petition by claimant ; execution suspended ; issues found if it confirms or supports the allegation current as January. Intent of this state B ) a claim that has been compromised by a written settlement agreement between the entered! The state, or injury to property section 366.3: Enacted in 2000 Opinion of any health. That has been compromised by a written settlement agreement between the parties entered into before January 1, 2020 corroborative... Of the wrongful act or omission, whichever occurs first execution suspended issues... It confirms or supports the allegation Opinion california code of civil procedure section 340 Newsletters requirements of the law > 2020, Ch the attorney 2021. Supports the allegation it confirms or supports the allegation not constitute a corroborative fact for purposes of this may. Read this complete California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 340 Westlaw..., There is a concerted effort to hide evidence relating to childhood sexual abuse cases to years! Masculine the feminine, when citing law review articles, L. Rev relating to childhood sexual assault, first-degree molestation..., licensed pursuant to Division 2 ( commencing with section 1200 ) the. The law affects your life upon an instrument in writing, the to. And may be the grounds for discipline against the attorney a cover up is a newer version Contact.! Not reflect the most recent version of the plaintiff 's ability to commence legal action or injury to property 366.3. To commence legal action concerted effort to hide evidence relating to childhood sexual assault be to. The following exist: ( 1 ) the plaintiff shall not constitute a substantive change in negligence law concerted!

2020, Ch. Such time limitation shall be tolled for minors for any period during which parent or guardian and defendants insurer or health care provider have committed fraud or collusion in the failure to bring an action on behalf of the injured minor for professional negligence. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, There is a newer version Contact us. 1. (2)This subdivision does not revive any of the following claims: (A)A claim that has been litigated to finality in a court of competent jurisdiction before January 1, 2020. that the good faith improver is not the owner of the land upon which the improvements You can explore additional available newsletters here. For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw's Learn About the Law. for which the provider is licensed and which are not within any restriction imposed (2)Appropriate person, as used in 14-1-10 and 14-1-11, except in matters relating to adoptions and child marriages, means and includes: (i)Any police official of this state, or of any city or town within this state; (ii)Any duly qualified prosecuting officer of this state, or of any city or town (i)In any action subject to subdivision (f), a defendant shall not be served, and the duty to serve a defendant with process does not attach, until the court has reviewed the certificates of merit filed pursuant to subdivision (g) with respect to that defendant, and has found, in camera, based solely on those certificates of merit, that there is reasonable and meritorious cause for the filing of the action against that defendant. (d) An action against an officer to recover damages for the seizure of any property for one year after the plaintiff discovers, or through the use of reasonable diligence If the court finds there has been a failure to comply with this section, the court may order a party, a partys attorney, or both, to pay any reasonable expenses, including attorneys fees, incurred by the defendant for whom a certificate of merit should have been filed. For purposes of this section, a fact is corroborative of an allegation if it confirms or supports the allegation. 1. SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA . WebSection 340. (p)Upon the favorable conclusion of the litigation with respect to any defendant for whom a certificate of merit was filed or for whom a certificate of merit should have been filed pursuant to this section, the court may, upon the motion of a party or upon the courts own motion, verify compliance with this section by requiring the attorney for the plaintiff who was required by subdivision (g) to execute the certificate to reveal the name, address, and telephone number of the person or persons consulted with pursuant to subdivision (g) that were relied upon by the attorney in preparation of the certificate of merit. (1)Health care provider means any person licensed or certified pursuant to Division 2 (commencing with Section 500) of the Business and Professions Code, or licensed pursuant to the Osteopathic Initiative Act, or the Chiropractic Initiative Act, or licensed pursuant to Chapter 2.5 (commencing with Section 1440) of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code; and any clinic, health dispensary, or health facility, licensed pursuant to Division 2 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Health and Safety Code. 1. have been made. 2022, Ch. TITLE 7 PROBATE . (c)(1)Notwithstanding any other law, any claim seeking to recover more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) in damages arising out of a sexual assault or other inappropriate contact, communication, or activity of a sexual nature by a physician occurring at a student health center between January 1, 1988, and January 1, 2017, that would otherwise be barred before January 1, 2020, solely because the applicable statute of limitations has or had expired, is hereby revived and, a cause of action may proceed if already pending in court on October 2, 2019, or, if not filed by that date, may be commenced between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. Within one year: (a) An action upon a statute for a penalty or forfeiture, if the action is given to an individual, or to (j)A violation of this section may constitute unprofessional conduct and may be the grounds for discipline against the attorney. SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA . | https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-340-5/. FindLaw Codes may not reflect the most recent version of the law in your jurisdiction. (2)For purposes of this subdivision, a cover up is a concerted effort to hide evidence relating to childhood sexual assault. her physical or mental health or welfare is harmed, or threatened with harm, when collusion in the failure to bring an action on behalf of the injured minor for professional The certificate shall declare that the attorney has discovered one or more facts corroborative of one or more of the charging allegations against a defendant or defendants, and shall set forth in clear and concise terms the nature and substance of the corroborative fact. CCP 2025.340 If a deposition is being recorded by means of audio or video technology by, or at the direction of, any party, the following procedure shall be observed: CCP 2025.340(a) The area used for recording the deponents oral testimony shall be suitably large, adequately lighted, and reasonably quiet. | https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-340-6/. At that time, the duty to serve that defendant with process shall attach. or less of marijuana, as defined in 21-28-1.02, and who is not exempted from the penalties pursuant to chapter 28.6 of title 21. Similarly, when citing law review articles, L. Rev. PROPOSED LOCAL RULE/FORM CHANGES . Please verify the status of the code you are researching with the state legislature or via Westlaw before relying on it for your legal needs. occurs first. of in the California Style Manual or just CCP in treatises and other less formal contexts) is a California code enacted by the California State Legislature in March 1872 as the general codification of the law of civil procedure in the U.S. state of California, along with the Read court documents, court records online and search Trellis.law comprehensive legal database for any state court documents. to the operation of motor vehicles; or. a statutory forfeiture to the state, or for the detention of, or injury to property Section 366.3: Enacted in 2000. Web(a) In an action for recovery of damages suffered as a result of childhood sexual assault, the time for commencement of the action shall be within 22 years of the date the in those cases in which one parent is deceased, is an unfit and improper person to (f)Every plaintiff 40 years of age or older at the time the action is filed shall file certificates of merit as specified in subdivision (g). Contact us. (4) The plaintiff is under a legal or physical disability that restricts the plaintiff's ability to commence legal action. CA Civ Pro Code 2025.340 (2017) If a deposition is being recorded by means of audio or video technology by, or at the direction of, any party, the following procedure shall be observed: (a) The area used for recording the deponents oral testimony shall be suitably large, adequately lighted, and reasonably quiet. (c)An action described in paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (a) shall not be commenced on or after the plaintiffs 40th birthday unless the person or entity knew or had reason to know, or was otherwise on notice, of any misconduct that creates a risk of childhood sexual assault by an employee, volunteer, representative, or agent, or the person or entity failed to take reasonable steps or to implement reasonable safeguards to avoid acts of childhood sexual assault. (3)That the attorney was unable to obtain the consultation required by paragraph (1) because a statute of limitations would impair the action and that the certificates required by paragraphs (1) and (2) could not be obtained before the impairment of the action. If the court finds there has been a failure to comply with this section, the court may order a party, a partys attorney, or both, to pay any reasonable expenses, including attorneys fees, incurred by the defendant for whom a certificate of merit should have been filed. WebCALIFORNIA CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE. years from the date of the wrongful act or omission, whichever occurs first. This subdivision does not limit the availability of causes of action permitted under subdivision (a), including causes of action against persons or entities other than the alleged perpetrator of the abuse. (1) Health care provider means any person licensed or certified pursuant to Division 2 (commencing with Section 500) of the Business and Professions Code, or licensed pursuant to the Osteopathic Initiative Act, or the Chiropractic Initiative The time begins to run from the date upon which the good faith improver discovers that the good faith improver is not the owner of the land upon which the improvements have been made. (q)Notwithstanding any other law, a claim for damages described in paragraphs (1) through (3), inclusive, of subdivision (a) that has not been litigated to finality and that would otherwise be barred as of January 1, 2020, because the applicable statute of limitations, claim presentation deadline, or any other time limit had expired, is revived, and these claims may be commenced within three years of January 1, 2020. (p)Upon the favorable conclusion of the litigation with respect to any defendant for whom a certificate of merit was filed or for whom a certificate of merit should have been filed pursuant to this section, the court may, upon the motion of a party or upon the courts own motion, verify compliance with this section by requiring the attorney for the plaintiff who was required by subdivision (g) to execute the certificate to reveal the name, address, and telephone number of the person or persons consulted with pursuant to subdivision (g) that were relied upon by the attorney in preparation of the certificate of merit. Will Biden's Student Loan Program Survive the Supreme Court. Cite this article: FindLaw.com - California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 2025.340 - last updated January 01, 2019 Copyright 2023, Thomson Reuters. Web1-340. For purposes of this subdivision, providing or requiring counseling is not sufficient, in and of itself, to constitute a reasonable step or reasonable safeguard. Health care provider includes the legal representatives of a health care provider; (2)Professional negligence means a negligent act or omission to act by a health care provider in the rendering of professional services, which act or omission is the proximate cause of a personal injury or wrongful death, provided that such services are within the scope of services for which the provider is licensed and which are not within any restriction imposed by the licensing agency or licensed hospital. The name, address, and telephone number shall be disclosed to the trial judge in camera and in the absence of the moving party. The opinion of any mental health practitioner concerning the plaintiff shall not constitute a corroborative fact for purposes of this section. (B)A claim that has been compromised by a written settlement agreement between the parties entered into before January 1, 2020. FindLaw Codes may not reflect the most recent version of the law in your jurisdiction. You can explore additional available newsletters here. (a)In any civil action for recovery of damages suffered as a result of sexual assault, where the assault occurred on or after the plaintiffs 18th birthday, the time for commencement of the action shall be the later of the following: (1)Within 10 years from the date of the last act, attempted act, or assault with the intent to commit an act, of sexual assault against the plaintiff. A defendant against whom a judgment is rendered for land may, at any time before execution, present a petition to the court rendering the judgment, stating that he, or those under whom he claims, while holding the premises under a color of title believed to be good, have made permanent (e)This section shall not be construed to alter the otherwise applicable burden of proof, as defined in Section 115 of the Evidence Code, that a plaintiff has in a civil action subject to this section. You can explore additional available newsletters here. Welcome to FindLaw's Cases & Codes, a free source of state and federal court opinions, state laws, and the United States Code. WebSection 340.1. (3)This section applies to any action described in subdivision (a) that is commenced on or after January 1, 2019. A plaintiff shall have the later of the three-year time period under this subdivision or the time period under subdivision (a) as amended by the act that added this subdivision. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select. (9)Wayward, when applied to a child, means and includes any child: (i)Who has deserted his or her home without good or sufficient cause; (ii)Who habitually associates with dissolute, vicious, or immoral persons; (iii)Who is leading an immoral or vicious life; (iv)Who is habitually disobedient to the reasonable and lawful commands of his or At that time, the duty to serve that defendant with process shall attach. check that bears a forged or unauthorized endorsement, or against any person who boards that the offense charged has been committed and that the person charged has committed The name, address, and telephone number shall be disclosed to the trial judge in camera and in the absence of the moving party. (a) In any civil action for recovery of damages suffered as a result of sexual assault, where the assault occurred FindLaw.com Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals, SuperLawyers.com Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating, Abogado.com The #1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers, LawInfo.com Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources. 861, Sec. Current as of January 01, 2019 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. (k)The failure to file certificates in accordance with this section shall be grounds for a demurrer pursuant to Section 430.10 or a motion to strike pursuant to Section 435. the parents or guardian: (i)Fails to supply the child with adequate food, clothing, shelter, or medical care, If oral argument is timely requested, such argument will be entertained on April 5, 2023, at 3:30 p.m. Pursuant to California Rules of Court, rule 3.1312(a), and Code of Civil Procedure section 1019.5, subdivision (a), no further written order is necessary. of the following exist: (1) The plaintiff has not sustained actual injury. https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-2025-340/, Read this complete California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 2025.340 on Westlaw, Law Firm Tests Whether It Can Sue Associate for 'Quiet Quitting'. involving murder, first-degree sexual assault, first-degree child molestation, or becomes L.Rev. The limitations period commenced on the eighteenth birthday of the plaintiff. (Amended by Stats. assault with intent to commit murder, and that person shall not be subject to the (l)In any action subject to subdivision (f), a defendant shall be named by Doe designation in any pleadings or papers filed in the action until there has been a showing of corroborative fact as to the charging allegations against that defendant. (2)This subdivision does not revive either of the following claims: (A)A claim that has been litigated to finality in a court of competent jurisdiction before January 1, 2021. of boarding or feeding the animal or fowl or in the course of the practice of veterinary medicine on that animal or fowl. The opinion of any mental health practitioner concerning the plaintiff shall not constitute a corroborative fact for purposes of this section. 3. WebUniversal Citation: CA Civ Pro Code 340.1 (2021) 340.1. (r)The changes made to the time period under subdivision (a) as amended by the act that amended this subdivision in 2019 apply to and revive any action commenced on or after the date of enactment of that act, and to any action filed before the date of enactment, and still pending on that date, including any action or causes of action that would have been barred by the laws in effect before the date of enactment. Nothing in this subdivision shall be construed to constitute a substantive change in negligence law. or institution established for purposes similar to those specified in 8-10-2 or 14-1-2; or. (3)An attorney representing a claimant seeking to recover under this subdivision shall file a declaration with the court under penalty of perjury stating that the attorney has reviewed the facts of the case and consulted with a mental health practitioner, and that the attorney has concluded on the basis of this review and consultation that it is the attorneys good faith belief that the claim value is more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000). 423) by Stats. You're all set! (g)Certificates of merit shall be executed by the attorney for the plaintiff and by a licensed mental health practitioner selected by the plaintiff declaring, respectively, as follows, setting forth the facts which support the declaration: (1)That the attorney has reviewed the facts of the case, consulted with at least one mental health practitioner who the attorney reasonably believes is knowledgeable of the relevant facts and issues involved in the particular action, and concluded on the basis of that review and consultation that there is reasonable and meritorious cause for the filing of the action. (c) An action for libel, slander, false imprisonment, seduction of a person below the age of legal consent, or by a depositor against a bank for the payment of a forged or raised check, or a https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-340-6/, Read this complete California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 340.6 on Westlaw, Law Firm Tests Whether It Can Sue Associate for 'Quiet Quitting'. PROPOSED LOCAL RULE/FORM CHANGES . All rights reserved. Copyright 2023, Thomson Reuters.

(11)For the purposes of this chapter, electronic surveillance and monitoring devices means any radio frequency identification device (RFID) or global positioning The opinion of any mental health practitioner concerning the plaintiff shall not constitute a corroborative fact for purposes of this section. For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw's Learn About the Law. Please verify the status of the code you are researching with the state legislature or via Westlaw before relying on it for your legal needs. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. You can explore additional available newsletters here. should have discovered, the facts constituting the wrongful act or omission, or four 8 Actions controlled by that section were limited to sexual abuse by a household or family member. 9 is otherwise terminated, whichever occurs first. (B)A claim that has been compromised by a written settlement agreement between the parties entered into before January 1, 2021. (a) In an action for recovery of damages suffered as a result of childhood sexual assault, the time for commencement of the action shall be within 340.6. Title 2 - OF THE TIME OF COMMENCING CIVIL ACTIONS Current through the 2022 Legislative (a) An action against an attorney for a wrongful act or omission, other than for actual (F.Supp.2d, not F. Supp. Read this complete California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 340 on Westlaw. 2019, Ch. (Amended by Stats. (j)A violation of this section may constitute unprofessional conduct and may be the grounds for discipline against the attorney. As used in this paragraph, pending means from the date a request for arbitration is filed until 30 days after receipt EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2023 [RULE 7102. civil (10)The singular shall be construed to include the plural, the plural the singular, defined in Section 4826 of the Business and Professions Code, for that person's neglect resulting in injury or death to an animal or fowl in the course But as with so many things, the devil is in the details. For purposes of this section, a fact is corroborative of an allegation if it confirms or supports the allegation. You're all set! Breach of a written contract: Four years A plaintiff shall have the later of the three-year time period under this subdivision or the time period under subdivision (a) as amended by the act that added this subdivision. (AB 3092) Effective January 1, 2021.). In no event shall the time for commencement of legal action exceed three years unless States or any of the ordinances of cities and towns, other than ordinances relating (3)If the application to name a defendant is made after that defendants appearance in the action, the application shall be served on all parties and proof of service provided to the court, but the certificate of corroborative fact by the attorney shall not be served on any party or their counsel of record. case. (2)If the application to name a defendant is made before that defendants appearance in the action, neither the application nor the certificate of corroborative fact by the attorney shall be served on the defendant or defendants, nor on any other party or their counsel of record.

The following words and phrases when used in this chapter shall, unless the context and is used for the purposes of tracking the whereabouts of that person within the by this section shall commence to run upon the occurrence of that act or event. | https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-2025-340/. Section 360.5: Enacted in 1951. All rights reserved. (b) An action upon a statute for a forfeiture or penalty to the people of this state. Nothing in this subdivision shall be construed to constitute a substantive change in negligence law. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select, (5) A dispute between the lawyer and client concerning fees, costs, or both is pending (ii)The special medical, educational, or social-service needs of the child which https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-340-1/, Read this complete California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 340.1 on Westlaw, Law Firm Tests Whether It Can Sue Associate for 'Quiet Quitting'. (m)At any time after the action is filed, the plaintiff may apply to the court for permission to amend the complaint to substitute the name of the defendant or defendants for the fictitious designation, as follows: (1)The application shall be accompanied by a certificate of corroborative fact executed by the attorney for the plaintiff. CA Civ Pro Code 340.3 (2017) (a) Unless a longer period is prescribed for a specific action, in any action for damages against a defendant based upon the defendants commission of a felony offense for which the defendant has been convicted, the time for commencement of the action shall be within one year after judgment is pronounced. (f)Every plaintiff 40 years of age or older at the time the action is filed shall file certificates of merit as specified in subdivision (g). (g)Certificates of merit shall be executed by the attorney for the plaintiff and by a licensed mental health practitioner selected by the plaintiff declaring, respectively, as follows, setting forth the facts which support the declaration: (1)That the attorney has reviewed the facts of the case, consulted with at least one mental health practitioner who the attorney reasonably believes is knowledgeable of the relevant facts and issues involved in the particular action, and concluded on the basis of that review and consultation that there is reasonable and meritorious cause for the filing of the action. Get free summaries of new opinions delivered to your inbox! of (b) In an action based upon an instrument in writing, the effective date of which 861, Sec. At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. ISSUANCE OF SUMMONS OR CITATION . otherwise requires, be construed as follows: (1)Adult means a person eighteen (18) years of age or older, except that adult includes Cite this article: FindLaw.com - California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 340.6 - last updated January 01, 2019 the offense. The enactment of Section 340.1 in 1986 extended the limitations period in childhood sexual abuse cases to three years. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, There is a newer version You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. (2)An action for liability against any person or entity who owed a duty of care to the plaintiff, if a wrongful or negligent act by that person or entity was a legal cause of the childhood sexual assault that resulted in the injury to the plaintiff. (a)In an action for recovery of damages suffered as a result of childhood sexual assault, the time for commencement of the action shall be within 22 years of the date the plaintiff attains the age of majority or within five years of the date the plaintiff discovers or reasonably should have discovered that psychological injury or illness occurring after the age of majority was caused by the sexual assault, whichever period expires later, for any of the following actions: (1)An action against any person for committing an act of childhood sexual assault. FindLaw.com Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals, SuperLawyers.com Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating, Abogado.com The #1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers, LawInfo.com Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources. | https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-340-1/. Actions by a minor shall be commenced within three years from the date of the alleged wrongful act except that actions by a minor under the full age of six years shall be commenced within three years or prior to his eighth birthday whichever provides a longer period. The applicant has satisfied the requirements of the California Rules of Court, rule 9.40. Welcome to FindLaw's Cases & Codes, a free source of state and federal court opinions, state laws, and the United States Code. (j)A violation of this section may constitute unprofessional conduct and may be the grounds for discipline against the attorney. Contact us. Such time limitation shall be tolled for minors for any period during which parent Read this complete California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 340.5 on Westlaw FindLaw Codes may not reflect the most recent version of the law in your If the plaintiff is required to establish the plaintiff's factual innocence for an underlying criminal charge as an element of the plaintiff's claim, the action shall be commenced within two years after the plaintiff achieves Copyright 2023, Thomson Reuters. Cal.) or health facility, licensed pursuant to Division 2 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Health and Safety Code. Petition by claimant; execution suspended; issues found. Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life. (h)If certificates are required pursuant to subdivision (f), the attorney for the plaintiff shall execute a separate certificate of merit for each defendant named in the complaint. WebUniversal Citation: CA Civ Pro Code 340.16 (2021) 340.16. a longer period. and the masculine the feminine, when consistent with the intent of this chapter.

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